Космический трэк пространственных событий Тайны Мира, НЛО пришельцы, наука, космос, древние, мегалиты, археология. Secrets, unknown, UFO aliens, science, space, ancient civilizations, megaliths, archeology
воскресенье, 22 декабря 2019 г.
Afanasievo people may well have been proto-Tocharian speakers (Ning et al. 2019)
* This article was originally published here
They mixed up Huns with Tocharians
* This article was originally published here
A surprising twist to the Shirenzigou nomads story
* This article was originally published here
NASA’s SDO Sees New Kind of Magnetic Explosion on Sun
Spontaneous reconnection offers one explanation for how hot the solar atmosphere is — mysteriously, the corona is millions of degrees hotter than lower atmospheric layers, a conundrum that has led solar scientists for decades to search for what mechanism is driving that heat. The scientists looked at multiple ultraviolet wavelengths to calculate the temperature of the plasma during and following the reconnection event. The data showed that the prominence, which was fairly cool relative to the blistering corona, gained heat after the event. This suggests forced reconnection might be one way the corona is heated locally. Spontaneous reconnection also can heat plasma, but forced reconnection seems to be a much more effective heater — raising the temperature of the plasma quicker, higher, and in a more controlled manner.
While a prominence was the driver behind this reconnection event, other solar eruptions like flares and coronal mass ejections, could also cause forced reconnection. Since these eruptions drive space weather — the bursts of solar radiation that can damage satellites around Earth — understanding forced reconnection can help modelers better predict when disruptive high-energy charged particles might come speeding at Earth.
Understanding how magnetic reconnection can be forced in a controlled way may also help plasma physicists reproduce reconnection in the lab. This is ultimately useful in the field of laboratory plasma to control and stabilize them.
The scientists are continuing to look for more forced reconnection events. With more observations they can begin to understand the mechanics behind the reconnection and often it might happen.
“Our thought is that forced reconnection is everywhere,” Srivastava said. “But we have to continue to observe it, to quantify it, if we want prove that.”
Related Links
- The Heart of Space Weather Observed in Action
- NASA Spacecraft Discovers New Magnetic Process in Turbulent Space
- NASA Keeps Watch Over Space Explosions
- Learn more about SDO
By Mara Johnson-Groh
NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Md.
* This article was originally published here
Tomnaverie Prehistoric Recumbent Stone Circle, Tarland, Aberdeenshire, 20.12.19.









Tomnaverie Prehistoric Recumbent Stone Circle, Tarland, Aberdeenshire, 20.12.19.
* This article was originally published here
Updated Eurogenes K13 now at GEDmatch
The new K13 population averages and genetic (Fst) distances between the inferred ancestral clusters are available here and here, respectively. To find this test at GEDmatch do this:
GEDmatch > Ad-Mix Utilities > Eurogenes > K13 Below is a 2D PCA based on the average K13 results of the European and Asian reference populations, courtesy of project member PL16.
I now have four tests at GEDmatch with Oracles: the Jtest, EUtest, K15 and K13. It's useful to keep in mind that these tests will differ in their interpretation of the data, and perhaps accuracy, depending on the ancestry of the user. For instance, the new K13 should be more useful for Central and South Asians than any of the others, because it features new reference samples relevant to them.
* This article was originally published here
2019 December 22 Solstice Illuminated: A Year of Sky Video...
2019 December 22
Solstice Illuminated: A Year of Sky
Video Credit & Copyright: Ken Murphy (MurphLab); Music: Ariel (Moby)
Explanation: Can you find which day is the winter solstice? Each panel shows one day. With 360 movie panels, the sky over (almost) an entire year is shown in time lapse format as recorded by a video camera on the roof of the Exploratorium museum in San Francisco, California. The camera recorded an image every 10 seconds from before sunrise to after sunset and from mid-2009 to mid-2010. A time stamp showing the local time of day is provided on the lower right. The videos are arranged chronologically, with July 28 shown on the upper left, and January 1 located about half way down. In the videos, darkness indicates night, blue depicts clear day, while gray portrays pervasive daytime cloud cover. Many videos show complex patterns of clouds moving across the camera’s wide field as that day progresses. The initial darkness in the middle depicts the delayed dawn and fewer daylight hours of winter. Although every day lasts 24 hours, nighttime lasts longest in the northern hemisphere in December and the surrounding winter months. Therefore, finding the panel with the longest night will locate the day of winter solstice – which happens to be today in the northern hemisphere. As the videos collectively end, sunset and then darkness descend first on the winter days just above the middle, and last on the mid-summer near the bottom.
∞ Source: apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap191222.html
* This article was originally published here
Isotopes vs ancient DNA in prehistoric Scandinavia
* This article was originally published here
Cotton Candy' Planet Mysteries Unravel in New Hubble Observations
Contact:
Ray Villard
Space Telescope Science Institute, Baltimore, Maryland
410-338-4514
villard@stsci.edu
Daniel Strain
University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado
daniel.strain@colorado.edu
Jessica Libby-Roberts / Zach Berta-Thompson
University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado
jessica.e.roberts@colorado.edu / zachory.bertathompson@colorado.edu
Related Links:
* This article was originally published here
Commoner or elite?
* This article was originally published here
Loch Kinord 9th Century Pictish Celtic Cross Slab, Loch Kinord, Dinnet, Cairngorms, 20.12.19.



Loch Kinord 9th Century Pictish Celtic Cross Slab, Loch Kinord, Dinnet, Cairngorms, 20.12.19.
* This article was originally published here
EEF-WHG-ANE test for Europeans
This test attempts to fit you to the three inferred prehistoric European populations as described in this recent preprint. The relevant Excel file can be downloaded here, and all you have to do is stick your Eurogenes K13 results into the fields provided to get the EEF-WHG-ANE ancestry proportions. A modified version for Near Eastern and Southeast European users can be accessed here.
The test is based on correlations between the average levels of the Eurogenes K13 and the ancient components among selected European populations. Below is a brief description of each of the ancient components.
Early European Farmer (EEF): apparently this is a hybrid component, the result of mixture between "Basal Eurasians" and a WHG-like population possibly from the Balkans. It's based on a 7500 year old Linearbandkeramik (LBK) sample from Stuttgart, Germany, but today peaks at just over 80% among Sardinians.It's important to note that this test is only likely to be accurate for people of European ancestry, and indeed only those who aren't outliers from the main European clines of genetic diversity. For details of what that means, please consult the aforementioned paper. However, roughly speaking, if you're of European origin and don't score more than 3% East Asian, Siberian, Amerindian, South Asian, Oceanian, Northeast African and/or Sub-Saharan admixture, then you should get a coherent result. Users from the Near East and Caucasus should run the version specifically designed for them, while those from Southeastern Europe might find it useful to run both calculators and then compare the results.
West European Hunter-Gatherer (WHG): this ancestral component is based on an 8,000 year old forager from the Loschbour rock shelter in Luxembourg, who belonged to Y-chromosome haplogroup I2a1b. However, today the WHG component peaks among Estonians and Lithuanians, in the East Baltic region, at almost 50%.
Ancient North Eurasian (ANE): this is the twist in the tale, a component based on a 24,000 year old Upper Paleolithic forager from South Central Siberia, belonging to Y-DNA R*, and known as Mal'ta boy or MA-1. This component was very likely present in Southern Scandinavia since at least the Mesolithic, but only seems to have reached Western Europe after the Neolithic. At some point it also spread into the Americas. In Europe today it peaks among Estonians at just over 18%, and, intriguingly, reaches a similar level among Scots. However, numbers weren't given in the paper for Finns, Russians and Mordovians, who, according to one of the maps, also carry very high ANE, but their results are confounded by more recent Siberian (ENA) admixture.
Thanks to project member DESUK1 for putting this together at such short notice, and MfA for the modified version. Please post your results in the comments section below and state your ancestry when you do. This will help us to improve the accuracy of the test. My results make perfect sense, considering my Polish ancestry.
EEF 42.012706
WHG 40.52702615
ANE 17.46026785
This is my interpretation of who these components represent. Of course, this model might change when more ancient genomes are analyzed.
WHG and WHG/ANE: indigenous European hunter-gatherers
EEF: mixed European/Near Eastern Neolithic farmers
ANE/WHG: Proto-Indo-European invaders from the Eastern European steppe
ENA/ANE: early Uralics from the Volga-Ural region
EEF/WHG/ANE: late Indo-Europeans (ie. Celts, Germanics and Slavs)
Citation...
Iosif Lazaridis, Nick Patterson, Alissa Mittnik, et al., Ancient human genomes suggest three ancestral populations for present-day Europeans, bioRxiv, Posted December 23, 2013, doi: 10.1101/001552
See also...
Ancient human genomes suggest (more than) three ancestral populations for present-day Europeans
Ancient North Eurasian (ANE) levels across Asia
* This article was originally published here
Happy Winter Solstice from the Balnuaran of Clava, Inverness, 21.12.19.


Happy Winter Solstice from the Balnuaran of Clava, Inverness, 21.12.19.
* This article was originally published here
Model yourself as a mixture of ancient genomes
Update 12/05/2015: 4mix: four-way mixture modeling in R
...
This is really easy and should work well for most personal genomics customers (ie. those of European ancestry and with data files from 23andMe, FTDNA and AncestryDNA).
First of all, make sure you have your Eurogenes K15 ancestry proportions from GEDmatch. Then do the following:
- download the 4 Ancestors Oracle (here)
- download the Eurogenes ancient genomes datasheet (here)
- place everything into the same directory
- double click of the 4 Ancestors Oracle icon (the big red number 4)
- select the Eurogenes K15 ancient genomes datasheet
- type your Eurogenes K15 ancestry proportions into the fields provided
- hit the go button and let it rip
I'm not sure I'm allowed to upload the 4 Ancestors Oracle online, but I couldn't find the original link, so let's assume for the time being that I am. In any case, many thanks to Alexandr Burnashev for this great tool.
You'll also find some modern populations in the datasheet. They're there so that users with ancestry from outside of Europe don't end up with ridiculous results.
Obviously, you can edit the datasheet to explore more options by removing or adding individuals and populations. A spreadsheet of Eurogenes K15 population averages is available here. The oracle settings can also be tweaked in a couple of ways to fine tune the results.
If the calculator crashes, try replacing the periods with commas in both the datasheet and your ancestry proportions.
Please keep checking this post, because I'll attempt to update the datasheet at the link above every time a new ancient genome is published and has enough markers available to be tested with the Eurogenes K15. Eventually we might end up with a tool that covers most of the continents and many periods of history and prehistory.
I've done similar analyses of a variety of ancient genomes. For instance, StoraFörvar11, or SfF11, from Mesolithic Sweden came out 3/4 La Brana-1 and 1/4 MA-1, which translates to 3/4 Western European Hunter-Gatherer (WHG) and 1/4 Ancient North Eurasian (ANE), and lines up well with results reported recently for Swedish hunter-gatherers in scientific literature. You can see the full analysis StoraFörvar11 and a couple of other ancient genomes at the links below.
Analysis of Mesolithic Swedish forager StoraFörvar11
More ancient genomes from Sweden: Pitted Ware forager Ajvide58 and TRB farm girl Gokhem2
I'm still trying to answer a whole lot of e-mails so I won't be monitoring this post for a while. But please feel free to share your results and any tips you might have in the comments below.
* This article was originally published here
Geminid Fireball near the Lajas Aerostat
Channel: Frankie Lucena
The Geminid meteors are still present even though the peak was on Dec 14th. I used a Sony color CCD camera with a 12mm lens.
Video length: 0:16
Category: Science & Technology
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