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Космический трэк пространственных событий Тайны Мира, НЛО пришельцы, наука, космос, древние, мегалиты, археология. Secrets, unknown, UFO aliens, science, space, ancient civilizations, megaliths, archeology
четверг, 4 июля 2019 г.
Fast Radio Burst Pinpointed to Distant Galaxy
Dust storms swirl at the north pole of Mars
ESA — Mars Express Mission patch.
4 July 2019
ESA’s Mars Express has been keeping an eye on local and regional dust storms brewing at the north pole of the Red Planet over the last month, watching as they disperse towards the equator.
Local and regional storms lasting for a few days or weeks and confined to a small area are common place on Mars, but at their most severe can engulf the entire planet, as experienced last year in a global storm that circled the planet for many months.
It is currently spring in the northern hemisphere of Mars, and water-ice clouds and small dust-lifting events are frequently observed along the edge of the seasonally retreating ice cap.
Many of the spacecraft at Mars return daily weather reports from orbit or from the surface, providing global and local impressions of the changing atmospheric conditions. ESA’s Mars Express observed at least eight different storms at the edge of the ice cap between 22 May and 10 June, which formed and dissipated very quickly, between one and three days.
The two cameras onboard the spacecraft, the High Resolution Stereo Camera (HRSC) and the Visual Monitoring Camera (VMC), have been monitoring the storms over the last weeks. The image at the top of this page, taken by HRSC on 26 May, captures a spiral-shaped dust storm, its brown colour contrasting against the white ice of the north polar ice cap below.
Meanwhile the animated sequence (above) was compiled from images of a different storm captured by the VMC over a period of 70 minutes on 29 May. This particular storm started on 28 May and continued to around 1 June, moving towards the equator during that time.
The montage of images (below) shows three different storms developing on 22 May, on 26 May, and between 6 and 10 June. In the latter case, the cameras watched the storm evolve for several days as it moved in an equatorward direction.
At the same time, wispy patches of light-coloured clouds can be seen at the outer margin of the polar cap and also several thousand kilometres away, close to the volcanoes Elysium Mons and Olympus Mons.
Together with the MARCI camera onboard NASA’s Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter, Mars Express observed that when the dust storms reached the large volcanoes, orographic clouds – water ice clouds driven by the influence of the volcano’s leeward slope on the air flow – that had previously been developing started to evaporate as a result of the air mass being heated by the influx of dust.
These regional dust storms only last a few days; the elevated dust is transported and spread out by global circulation into a thin haze in the lower atmosphere, around 20–40 km altitude. Some traces of dust and clouds remained in the volcanic province into mid-June.
Related links:
Mars Express: http://www.esa.int/Our_Activities/Space_Science/Mars_Express
MARCI: http://www.msss.com/msss_images/date/2019_06.html
HRSC at DLR: http://www.dlr.de/dlr/en/desktopdefault.aspx/tabid-10364/548_read-400/#/gallery/657
HRSC data viewer: http://hrscview.fu-berlin.de/
Mars Webcam: https://www.flickr.com/photos/esa_marswebcam/
Images, Animation, Text, Credits: ESA/DLR/FU Berlin, CC BY-SA 3.0 IGO/GCP/UPV/EHU Bilbao.
Best regards, Orbiter.chArchive link
In Your Stride We all know that sugar can give us a burst of…
In Your Stride
We all know that sugar can give us a burst of energy. But glucose – sugar in its basic molecular form – also sustains all the molecular, cellular, and whole-body processes that keep us going. How the body is making use of glucose is an important indicator of health, so researchers are interested in tracking this progress. However, current tools for observing glucose’s journey are limited to the first steps of its metabolism, meaning it’s hard to see what happens next. A new technique called STRIDE can image the full picture of glucose uptake and metabolism, even after it is broken down into component parts and being used by cells after six days (seen here in blue, permeated through a slice of mouse tissue). Imaging glucose metabolism could ultimately help give a clear view of how diseased organs are behaving, and help develop our understanding of the way cancers power their deadly development.
Written by Anthony Lewis
- Image from work by Luyuan Zhang and colleagues
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Image copyright held by Nature Publishing Group 2019; reproduced with permission
- Published in Nature Biomedical Engineering, April 2019
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2019 July 4 In the Shadow of the Moon Image Credit &…
2019 July 4
In the Shadow of the Moon
Image Credit & Copyright: Yuri Beletsky (Carnegie Las Campanas Observatory, TWAN)
Explanation: On July 2 denizens of planet Earth could stand in the Moon’s dark umbral shadow during South America’s 2019 total solar eclipse. It first touched down in the Southern Pacific Ocean, east of New Zealand. Racing toward the east along a narrow track, the shadow of the Moon made landfall along the Chilean coast with the Sun low on the western horizon. Captured in the foreground here are long shadows still cast by direct sunlight though, in the final moments before totality began. While diffraction spikes are from the camera lens aperture, the almost totally eclipsed Sun briefly shone like a beautiful diamond ring in the clear, darkened sky.
∞ Source: apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap190704.html
ancientpeopleancientplaces: v. lasting marks poemWritten by The…
Spiraling Filaments Feed Young Galaxies
The question of how galaxies and stars form out of a network of wispy filaments in space—what is known as the cosmic web—has fascinated Martin since he was a graduate student. To find answers, he led the teams that built both CWI and KCWI. In 2017, Martin and his team used KCWI to acquire data on two active galaxies known as quasars, named UM 287 and CSO 38, but it was not the quasars themselves they wanted to study.
Nearby each of these two quasars is a giant nebula, larger than the Milky Way and visible thanks to the strong illumination of the quasars. By looking at light emitted by hydrogen in the nebulas—specifically an atomic emission line called hydrogen Lyman-alpha—they were able to map the velocity of the gas. From previous observations at Palomar, the team already knew there were signs of rotation in the nebulas, but the Keck Observatory data revealed much more.
“When we used Palomar’s CWI previously, we were able to see what looked like a rotating disk of gas, but we couldn’t make out any filaments,” says O’Sullivan. “Now, with the increase in sensitivity and resolution with KCWI, we have more sophisticated models and can see that these objects are being fed by gas flowing in from attached filaments, which is strong evidence that the cosmic web is connected to and fueling this disk.”
Martin and colleagues developed a mathematical model to explain the velocities they were seeing in the gas and tested it on UM287 and CSO38 as well as on a simulated galaxy.
“It took us more than a year to come up with the mathematical model to explain the radial flow of the gas,” says Martin. “Once we did, we were shocked by how well the model works.”
The findings provide the best evidence to date for the cold-flow model of galaxy formation, which basically states that cool gas can flow directly into forming galaxies, where it is converted into stars. Before this model came into popularity, researchers had proposed that galaxies pull in gas and heat it up to extremely high temperatures. From there, the gas was thought to gradually cool, providing a steady but slow supply of fuel for stars.
In 1996, research from Caltech’s Charles (Chuck) Steidel, the Lee A. DuBridge Professor of Astronomy and a co-author of the new study, threw this model into question. He and his colleagues showed that distant galaxies produce stars at a very high rate—too fast to be accounted for by the slow settling and cooling of hot gas that was a favored model for young galaxy fueling.
“Through the years, we’ve acquired more and more evidence for the cold-flow model,” says Martin. “We have nicknamed our new version of the model the ‘cold-flow inspiral,’ since we see the spiraling pattern in the gas.”
“These type of measurements are exactly the kind of science we want to do with KCWI,” says John O’Meara, Keck Observatory chief scientist. “We combine the power of Keck’s telescope size, powerful instrumentation, and an amazing astronomical site to push the boundaries of what’s possible to observe. It’s very exciting to see this result in particular, since directly observing inflows has been something of a missing link in our ability to test models of galaxy formation and evolution. I can’t wait to see what’s coming next.”
The new study, titled, “Multi-Filament Inflows Fuel Young Star Forming Galaxies,” was funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF), Keck Observatory, Caltech, and the European Research Council. The galaxy simulations were performed at NASA Advanced Supercomputing at NASA Ames Research Center. Other Caltech authors include former postdoc Erika Hamden, now at the University of Arizona; Patrick Morrissey, a visitor in space astrophysics who also works at JPL, which is managed by Caltech for NASA; and research scientist James D. (Don) Neill.
About KCWI
The Keck Cosmic Web Imager (KCWI) is designed to provide visible band, integral field spectroscopy with moderate to high spectral resolution formats and excellent sky-subtraction. The astronomical seeing and large aperture of the telescope will enable studies of the connection between galaxies and the gas in their dark matter halos, stellar relics, star clusters, and lensed galaxies. Support for this project was provided by Caltech, Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, the Heising-Simons Foundation, Mt. Cuba Astronomical Foundation, NSF, and other Friends of Keck Observatory.
About W.M.Keck Observatory
The W. M. Keck Observatory telescopes are the most scientifically productive on Earth. The two, 10-meter optical/infrared telescopes atop Maunakea on the Island of Hawaii feature a suite of advanced instruments including imagers, multi-object spectrographs, high-resolution spectrographs, integral-field spectrometers, and world-leading laser guide star adaptive optics systems. The data presented herein were obtained at the W. M. Keck Observatory, which is operated as a scientific partnership among the California Institute of Technology, the University of California, and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. The Observatory was made possible by the generous financial support of the W. M. Keck Foundation. The authors recognize and acknowledge the very significant cultural role that the summit of Maunakea has always had within the Native Hawaiian community. We are most fortunate to have the opportunity to conduct observations from this mountain.
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NASA’s First Rover on the Red Planet
NASA — Mars Pathfinder Mission patch.
July 3, 2019
This 8-image mosaic is of Sojourner, NASA’s first rover on Mars, and was acquired during the late afternoon on Sol 2, the second Martian day on the planet as part of an «insurance panorama.» Sojourner arrived aboard the Mars Pathfinder on July 4, 1997.
This color image was designed as «insurance» against camera failure upon deployment. However, the camera deployment was successful, leaving the insurance panorama to be downlinked to Earth several weeks later. Ironically enough, the insurance panorama contains some of the best quality image data because of the lossless data compression and relatively dust-free state of the camera and associated lander/rover hardware on Sol 2.
Sojourner spent 83 days of a planned seven-day mission exploring the Martian terrain, acquiring images, and taking chemical, atmospheric and other measurements. The final data transmission received from Pathfinder was at 10:23 UTC on September 27, 1997. Although mission managers tried to restore full communications during the following five months, the successful mission was terminated on March 10, 1998.
Right now, NASA is taking steps to begin a new era of exploration. Working with U.S. companies and international partners, NASA will push the boundaries of human exploration forward to the Moon and on to Mars, establishing a permanent human presence on the Moon within the next decade.
Mars Pathfinder and Sojourner: http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/mars-pathfinder/
Image, Text, Credits: NASA/Yvette Smith/JPL.
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Crew Explores Space Biology, Radiation Exposure Before Independence Day
ISS — Expedition 60 Mission patch.
July 3, 2019
The Expedition 60 crew explored space biology and radiation exposure aboard the International Space Station today. The orbital residents also filmed a virtual reality experience and oversaw the deployment of a set microsatellites.
NASA astronaut Christina Koch tended plants and stored microalgae samples for a pair of biology studies investigating ways to support long-term missions farther away from Earth. The two-part VEG-04 study is researching space agriculture as a method to nourish future crews as NASA prepares to go to the Moon and beyond. Microalgae is being observed for the Photobioreactor experiment that aims to demonstrate a hybrid life support system.
Image above: Expedition 60 Flight Engineer Christina Koch of NASA playfully demonstrates how fluids behave in the weightless environment of microgravity aboard the International Space Station. Image Credit: NASA.
A series of seven CubeSats were deployed outside Japan’s Kibo laboratory module today. NASA Flight Engineer Nick Hague configured the seven microsatellites last week and installed them in a Kibo’s small satellite deployer. An international team of engineers and students designed the CubeSats for a variety of experiments and technology demonstrations.
Both astronauts teamed up in the afternoon for another filming session depicting life aboard the orbital outpost. The crew has been videotaping a cinematic, virtual reality experience on the station to share with audiences on Earth.
Commander Alexey Ovchinin set up radiation detectors throughout the station’s Russian segment this morning. The Matroyshka experiment is observing the amount of radiation the station and the crew are exposed to on its flight path.
The orbiting trio will take a day off on July 4 and relax aboard the station. Back on Earth, a new set of Expedition 60 crewmates will fly from Russia on the U.S. Independence Day to their launch site at the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan. Astronauts Andrew Morgan and Luca Parmitano are in final preparations with cosmonaut Alexander Skvortsov for a July 20 liftoff to their new home in space. Their launch comes 50 years to the day NASA landed humans on the Moon for the first time.
Related links:
Expedition 60: https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/expeditions/expedition60/index.html
VEG-04: https://go.nasa.gov/2LwdoeG
Photobioreactor: https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/research/experiments/explorer/Investigation.html?#id=7426
Kibo laboratory module: https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/structure/elements/japan-kibo-laboratory
Matroyshka: https://go.nasa.gov/2GcuT1J
Space Station Research and Technology: https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/research/index.html
International Space Station (ISS): https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/main/index.html
Image (mentioned), Animation (mentioned), Text, Credits: NASA/Mark Garcia.
Best regards, Orbiter.chArchive link
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