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ESA & ROSCOSMOS – ExoMars Mission patch / NASA – InSight Mission logo.
25 November 2018
The Red Planet will receive its first new resident in six years on Monday when NASA’s InSight lander touches down, aiming to investigate the Martian interior. ESA ground stations and orbiters are playing a crucial role in helping the mission get to its destination and deliver its data back to Earth.
On 26 November, NASA’s robotic science lab will land on the dusty Martian surface around 20:00 UTC (21:00 CET).
Equipped with a suite of geological instruments, InSight will land at Elysium Planitia, a broad plain that has been called the “the biggest parking lot on Mars,” ready to spend two years measuring the planet’s internal heat, detect ‘marsquakes’ and more.
Because the lander will not rove across the Martian surface, it is vital that it lands in the right place the first time, where it will then release its solar panels and deploy its instruments, becoming the first mission to directly study another planet’s interior.
The European Space Agency is providing mission-critical support to InSight, using its deep-space ground tracking stations to communicate with the mission during the journey to Mars and, after landing, assigning the Agency’s ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter (TGO) to help relay lander data back to Earth. Teams at ESA’s ESOC mission control centre, in Darmstadt, Germany, are also on standby to relay instructions the other way, from Earth to the lander, if needed.
Getting by with a little help
Just five hours after InSight launched on 5 May 2018, ESA’s deep space ground station at New Norcia, in Western Australia, established contact and transmitted commands to InSight, the first time an ESA station transmitted commands to a NASA Mars mission in flight.
As InSight set out for Mars, ESA Estrack network stations provided additional communication slots, and served as back-up to NASA’s own Deep Space Network stations. The support is part of a long-standing cross-support agreement between the two agencies, in which one provides tracking station support to the other, boosting efficiency and redundancy for both.
On landing day, about 12 hours prior to the critical entry, descent and landing phase, ESA’s New Norcia station will again be in action, providing a ‘hot’ back-up communication link to InSight for the final ‘Target Correction Manoeuvre’ before it enters the Martian atmosphere.
Data from down below
Once on the surface, InSight will be located in view of a number of NASA and ESA orbiters, including ESA’s ExoMars TGO, which will provide routine data relay services to the lander throughout its life on Mars.
TGO, which is equipped with NASA-provided radio relay technology, will catch InSight data signals from the surface and relay them back to Earth, and slots for this important service are already planned starting the day after arrival, on 27 November.
While contingency data relay from NASA rovers and landers on the surface has been tested in the past using ESA’s Mars Express orbiter, use of TGO to provide routine data relay is a new aspect of cooperation at Mars for the two Agencies. TGO has also been providing regular data relay services for NASA’s Curiosity and Opportunity rovers.
It is part of a larger cooperation at Mars that will see orbiters from both ESA and NASA relaying data from not only current and future NASA rovers and landers on the surface, but also from ESA’s ExoMars rover slated to land in 2021 and from the accompanying Russian surface platform.
“NASA’s InSIght mission relies on crucial ESA support, and this is a highlight of the cooperation we have between the NASA and ESA Mars programmes,” says Paolo Ferri, Head of Mission Operations at ESA.
“In return, our ExoMars mission has received essential NASA support.”
“Mars is a rich scientific target, but an extremely challenging destination. Extending our long-standing technical, scientific and operational cooperation at the Red Planet is the only way to go.”
Watch the landing live on Monday from 19:00 UTC (20:00 CET), via NASA’s webcast: https://mars.nasa.gov/insight/timeline/landing/watch-online/
Related links:
NASA’s InSight surface operations: https://mars.nasa.gov/insight/timeline/surface-operations/
Estrack: http://www.esa.int/Our_Activities/Operations/Estrack
New Norcia – DSA 1: http://www.esa.int/Our_Activities/Operations/Estrack/New_Norcia_-_DSA_1
NASA’s InSight lander: https://mars.nasa.gov/insight/
ESA’s ExoMars: http://www.esa.int/Our_Activities/Space_Science/ExoMars
Images, Text, Credits: ESA/DLR/FU Berlin, D. O’Donnell, D. Ducros, CC BY-SA 3.0 IGO/NASA/JPL-Caltech.
Greetings, Orbiter.chArchive link
Phobos: Doomed Moon of Mars
Image Credit: Viking Project, JPL, NASA; Mosaic Processing: Edwin V. Bell II (NSSDC/Raytheon ITSS)
Explanation: This moon is doomed. Mars, the red planet named for the Roman god of war, has two tiny moons, Phobos and Deimos, whose names are derived from the Greek for Fear and Panic. The origin of the Martian moons is unknown, though, with a leading hypothesis holding that they are captured asteroids. The larger moon, at 25-kilometers across, is Phobos, and is indeed seen to be a cratered, asteroid-like object in this false-colored image mosaic taken by the robotic Viking 1 mission in 1978. A recent analysis of the unusual long grooves seen on Phobos indicates that they may result from boulders rolling away from the giant impact that created the crater on the upper left: Stickney Crater. Phobos orbits so close to Mars – about 5,800 kilometers above the surface compared to 400,000 kilometers for our Moon – that gravitational tidal forces are dragging it down. The ultimate result will be for Phobos to break up in orbit and then crash down onto the Martian surface in about 50 million years. Well before that – tomorrow, in fact, if everything goes according to plan – NASA’s robotic InSight lander will touch down on Mars and begin investigating its internal structure.
∞ Source: apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap181125.html
– Alt: 250 km, less than 5 km across.
NASA/JPL/University of Arizona
From spinning galaxies to swarming honey bees, nature loves a rotating spiral. But inside our bodies these patterns can cause as much damage as a spinning tornado. Waves of electricity spiralling through heart muscle can cause potentially fatal heartbeat irregularities. Throughout nature, spiral wave structure is dictated by the physical properties of the core around which they spin. So if you can manipulate that core, you should be able to control the spiral. Researchers tested that theory using slices of rat heart cells engineered to respond to light. Using beams of light to alter cells’ electrical properties, they established and then steered electrical spirals. The experiment worked both in simulations (left hand spiral) and real cells (right two), letting the researchers guide the spiral to safety. Scaling the concept up from a single layer of cells to a whole heart might one day lead to new treatments for irregular heartbeats.
Written by Anthony Lewis
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Earlier this month,
Congress introduced a
resolution officially recognizing Nov. 24, 2018 as Small Business Saturday “to
increase awareness of the value of locally owned small businesses and the
impact of locally owned small businesses on the economy of the United States.”
This annual American
Express campaign began on the Saturday after Thanksgiving in 2010 to support
“local places that make our communities strong.”
For 60
years, we have supported and partnered with
small businesses across the country to pioneer the future of space exploration, scientific discovery and
aeronautics research.
Our Small Business Innovative
Research (SBIR) and Small Business Technology Transfer (STTR) program funds the research, development and
demonstration of innovative technologies that help address space exploration
challenges and have significant potential for commercialization. In 2018, our
program awarded 555 contracts to small businesses for a total of $180.1
million.
NASA works with small
business Nanocomp Technologies Inc. of Merrimack, New Hampshire, to advance
manufacturing of carbon nanotube composite materials.
Our investments in small businesses help equip future
missions to the Moon, Mars and beyond by advancing our science and technology
capabilities. They also benefit the U.S. economy. The SBIR/STTR program’s 2017 Economic
Impact Report indicated
a $2.74 return for every dollar spent on awards—money well spent!
Small businesses
also contribute to scientific advances for the International Space Station as
well as here on Earth. Pancopia, Inc. in Hampton, Virginia, developed
an innovative, high-performance water recycling system to remove high levels of organic carbon and
nitrogen in wastewater. Recycling water in space saves money on resupply and
enables more Earth-independence and self-reliance. With the help of an SBIR
award, Pancopia is also working on a similar system for public wastewater that
has the potential to cut treatment expenses to less than half the current
costs.
Small businesses
also contribute to scientific advances for the International Space Station as
well as here on Earth. Pancopia, Inc. in Hampton, Virginia, developed
an innovative, high-performance water recycling system to remove high levels of organic carbon and
nitrogen in wastewater. Recycling water in space saves money on resupply and
enables more Earth-independence and self-reliance. With the help of an SBIR
award, Pancopia is also working on a similar system for public wastewater that
has the potential to cut treatment expenses to less than half the current
costs.
When NASA went to the private sector to develop deformable
mirror technology—a key component of starlight-blocking instruments—a
small business in Berkeley, California, applied for research and development funding through
SBIR to design extra-precision, segmented mirrors. This innovative approach for
a small deformable mirror made up of many tiny hexagonal segments enables
advanced control when paired with other optics.
Data collected by a
telescope using the Iris AO deformable mirror can be used to determine if the
target investigated in space is an exoplanet based on its orbit, and if the
exoplanet has atmosphere using color spectrum imaging analysis. The Iris AO technology
is currently being refined and prepared for inclusion in a future exoplanet
mission.
Does your small
business have a big idea? Your next opportunity to join our SBIR/STTR program
starts on Jan. 7, 2019, when our next solicitation opens. We’ll be seeking
new innovative ideas from small businesses and research institutions for
research, development and demonstration of innovative technologies. Go to
https://www.nasa.sbir.gov/ to learn more.
Make sure
to follow us on Tumblr for your regular dose of space: http://nasa.tumblr.com
Соединение Юпитера ♃ и Сатурна ♄ 21 декабря 2020 16 : 30 по Гринвичу, 21 декабря 2020 года, состоится условное соединение Юпитера ♃ ...